Analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Analysis paper - Essay Example For instance, in the 1920s, there were various organizations that were dedicated in the in the provision of important precedents including suburbs and the bungalow building, Victoria streetcar among others (Cohen 194). Inequality in education that rose in the 1950s is another critical element that has been emphasized by the author. In fact, some of the problems that communities may be facing today regarding the inequality in education may have been as a result of the problems suburbia created during those days (Cohen 194). The author describes Suburbia as the home of affluence as well as the home of inequality. Inequality was the order of the day. Inequality was widely spread in almost every aspect of life in Suburbia. Access to mortgages, tax benefits, credit, as well as mass income tax, worked better in favor of a particular group compared to other groups. Additionally, there was still inequality between men and women, middle class, and working class as well as between the whites and the blacks. The prices of homes in Suburban communities were extremely high. Actually, they were high to an extent that very few workers in the manufacturing firms were willing to move closer the workplaces. With an average weekly was of $ 116.62, workers could not afford to pay for homes in areas where most industries were moving (Cohen 197). Segmentation of housing was somehow reduced after the postwar metropolitan housing market. Those working class individuals who were set aside for the middle-class suburban communities were simply by virtue of their personal expenses. For instance, to get a house in New Jersey in the early 1960s, about twenty miles away North West of Newark, an individual was required to take a mortgage of $ 15,000. Also, one was required to pay maintenance, taxes, other utilities and more important one was required to including the commuting cost. Mathematically, an individual was required to have an annual income of $

The Presidency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Presidency - Essay Example According to Neustadt, the presidency is an institution, and therefore the main tenet of institutionalism is a focus on the office of the presidency, as opposed to the person occupying the office of the presidency (Dickson, 260). In as much as Dickson (278) agrees with this notion that the presidency is an institution, he doesn’t denote that there are other factors that might influence an individual who hold an office, apart from the rules that guide the operations of the presidency. These factors are the inter-personal factors of the leader, which might include their academic levels, childhood experiences, religious believes, etc. On this basis, Neustadt has some bias in his study of the presidency, by insisting that it is the rules that guide the office which affect the manner in which an individual operates. Dickson (261) recognizes the immense role that Neustadt has played in the advancement of the studies involving the presidency. This is because other scholars borrowed f rom the tenets of institutionalism to develop other theories of the presidency. The theory under consideration is the new institutional theory. Dickson (260) argues that due to the inefficiencies of institutionalism, other theorists developed the new institutional theory for purposes of guiding the presidency, in their attempt to collect information, for bargaining purposes. However, Dickson (287) is quick to denote that new institutional theory has failed to help the presidency in acquiring information that can be used for bargaining purposes. This is because new institutionalism has failed to develop efficient and proper channels in which the office of the presidency can follow for purposes of collecting information to use for bargaining. Dickson (260) therefore prefers older channels of presidential communication, as opposed to the newer methods of presidential control. For instance, Dickson advocates for institutionalism theory, as opposed to new institutional theories of the pr esidency. This is despite the failure of new institutional theory to factor in the cognitive and personality of the leader in their decision making process. However, in explaining in his points, Dickson goes back to history, and analyzes the presidency of Roosevelt, Lyndon’s presidency, etc. Dickson (266) argues that institutional theory arose out of the need of the presidency to acquire information, and use that information for bargaining purposes. Access of accurate information is a very valuable tool for any leader. The manner in which a leader acquires and disseminates information is a crucial factor on whether he or she will succeed during their presidency. Neustadt knew of the value of information, and he thus developed his ideas based on the desire to develop an efficient method in which the aides of a president can help him or her to acquire the necessary information for bargaining purposes (p. 277). This article manages to use relevant examples in articulating the va rious points contained in it. For example, Dickson (262) manages to explain the various bureaucratic processes that occur at white house. This is in regard to acquisition of information, and its subsequent dissemination. For example, he denotes that when Roosevelt took the office of the presidency, he managed to create an office referred to as the executive office of the presidency (Dickson, 262). This office was responsible for personnel, policy planning and budgeting. He manages to effectively compare the